EXPLANATION

OF  THE

CHARACTERS MADE USE OF IN THIS WORK.

= Equal.           The sign of Equality; as,  4 qrs. = 1 cwt.

signifies, that 4 qrs. are equal to 1 cwt.

— Minus or less. The sign of Subtraction ; as,  8 — 2=6; that is 8 lessoned by 2 is equal to 6".

+ Plus or more. The sign of Addition ; as, 4 -f- 4 = 8 ;  that is, 4 added to 4 more is equal to 8.

X Multiplied by. The sign of Multiplication ;  as, 4 x 6 = 24 ; that is, 4 multiplied by 6 is equal to 24.

¦4- Divided by.    The sign of Division ;  as, 8 ~ 2 = 4 ;  that is, 8 divided by 2 is equal to i.

2537                   Numbers placed like a fraction, likewise de-

------¦                   note division ;  the upper number being the

6:J                     dividend, and the lower the divisor.

'. is ; :  So is       The sign of proportion ;   as, 2 : 4 :: 8 : 16; that is, as 2 is to 4 so is 8 to 16.

1------                   Shews that the difference between 2 and 7

7—2-J-5=lO      added to 5, is equal to 10.    The line drawn over 7 and 2 is called a vinculum.

------             Signifies that the sum of 2 and 5 taken from

9—2+5 = 2         9 is equal to 2.

'.—                      The sign  of Geometrical Proportion.

y/                       Prefixed to any number, signifies the Square

Root of that number is required.

s/                       Signifies the Cube, or third power.

*,                       Denotes   the   Biquadrate,   or   the  fourth

power, &rc.

I. e.                     id est, that is,